Research

Smart Antenna

A wireless communication is performed using radio waves without any cables, i.e., through "space" as its name means. Since it exploits the space as a medium, its communication quality may be degraded due to interference when other users exist. Also, multipath channels, which are caused by reflection of radio waves from various scattering objects, result in the phenomenon that received signal strength is enlarged or reduced, i.e., "fading." To address these issues is inevitable for wireless communications.

One of the techniques for alleviating the fading is a smart antenna. In our laboratory it has been studied for more than a decade. The following figure illustrates the concept of the smart antenna. Radio waves have their amplitudes and phases, of course. They have a property that identically phased rays add constructively and opposite phased rays add destructively. Exploiting the property, the smart antenna at the receiver enables us to obtain a desired stream with high signal level and to suppress other undesired streams. Its procedure is briefly explained next. As shown below, the receiver is equipped with multiple antennas which can independently adjust the amplitudes and phases of received signals. By controlling the amplitudes and phases optimally and combining the modified signals, we can suppress signals from interference users and selectively enlarge the desired signal. We call this process "to control directivity." In actual communications, the receiver cannot exactly find where the desired and interference users are. Hence it needs to adaptively control the directivity so as to track varying environments. This is the origin of the name "smart antenna" because it achieves optimum reception in a variety of situations. It is also called "adaptive (array) antenna" because it can adapt to the environment. In general, the implementation of core processes in smart antennas is achieved by using techniques in digital signal processing, so that it can be said that the research field of smart antenna is at the boundary of antenna techniques and signal processing.

スマートアンテナ
Concept of a smart antenna.


The picture below shows a PHS base station equipped with a smart antenna, which is already operated in practical use. It contains part of the fruits of our collaborative research with a company.

スマートアンテナ
PHS base station equipped with a smart antenna.

[Reference]

Y. Ogawa and T. Ohgane, "Adaptive Antennas for Future Mobile Radio," IEICE Trans. Fundamentals, vol. E79-A, no. 7, pp. 961-967, 1996.

Y. Ogawa and T. Ohgane, "Advances in Adaptive Antenna Technologies in Japan," IEICE Trans. Commun., vol. E84-B, no. 7, pp. 1704-1712, July 2001.